Prof. Lydia Makhubu : First Chancellor of WUA.

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION Pius XII College, Lesotho
B.Sc. Chemistry and Mathematics, 1963.
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,
M.Sc. Organic Chemistry, 1967.
University of Toronto, Canada,
Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry 1973.

EMPLOYMENT 1973 1976: Lecturer in Chemistry

1976 1979: Senior Lecturer
1980 present: Professor of Chemistry
POSITIONS HELD 1976 1980: Dean, Faculty of Science
1978 1987: Pro Vice Chancellor
1985 1988: Acting Vice Chancellor
1988 2003: Vice-Chancellor.
Appointed Honourable Senator for the House of Senate (8th Parliament)
Appointed Emeritus Professor by the University of Swaziland
Prof Makhubu has published extensively.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Influence of the 2 alkoxy group and C 5 substituents on the direction of reductive cleavage of 2 alkoxytetrahydrofurans by IH2CI in either solution. P.C. Loewen, L.P. Makhubu and R.K. Brown. Can. 1. Chem 50 (10), (1972). 1502.
2. Selective hydrolysis and oxidation of the bismethylenedioxy protective group during angular methyl migration in corticosteroid analogues. L.P. Makhubu, Z.G. Hajos, L.P. Makhubu and R.G. Duncan. Can.j. Pharm. Sci. 13 (1) 1978,18.
3. A Chemical Investigation of the Medicinal Plants in Swaziland. Lydia P. Makhubu. Royal Swaziland Society of Science and TechnologyJournal 1 (3), 1978, 147.
4. Regional Cooperation in the Technology Field. L.P. Makhubu, L. Vilakati, P.K. Lukhele. Royal Swaziland Society of Science and Technology Journal, 4, 1981, 3.
5. A survey of the Medicinal Plants in Swaziland for Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Steroids, Terpens and Tannins. Lydia P. Makhubu. Journal of African Medicinal Plants 5 (1982), 205.
6. New Technologies most appropriate for use in traditional sectors in Africa. Lydia P. Makhubu. New Frontiers in Technology Application, Ed. E.U. von Weizsacker, M.S. Swaminathan, Aklilu Lemma. Tycooly International. Dublin 1983. pp. 67 71.
7. Traditional Healers in Swaziland. Towards Improved Cooperation between the traditional and the modem health sectors. Edward C. Green and Lydia P. Makhubu. Soc. Sci. Med. 18 (12), 1984, 1071.
8. The Traditional Healer. University of Botswana and Swaziland, 1978. An 81 page book, ISBN 07978 0362 5, Lydia Phindile Makhubu.
9. Witchcraft or Science? University of Swaziland, 1982. ISBN 07978 0362 5.
10. Aselaphe Kahle: A pamphlet for Traditional Healers. University of Swaziland, 1982.
11. The Chemistry of Endod. L. Makhubu, R.M. Parkhurst and C. Gifawesen. Chapter 7 in Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod), (A Lemma, D. Heyneman and S.M. Silangwa editors). Tycooly International Publ. Ltd. Dublin. 1984.
12. Endod: Potential for Controlling Schistosomiasis. J.D.H. Lambert, Legesse Wolde Yohannes and Lydia Makhubu. BioScience 35 (6),1985,364 366.
13. Endod H (Phytolacca dodecandra), Report of the Second International Workshop on Endod. Lydia Makhubu, Aklilu Lemma, Donald Heyneman (Editors) Council on International and Public Affairs. New York 1987. ISBN 0 936876 48 4.
14. Report on the Introduction of Types 3,17 and 44 in Swaziland. Lydia P. Makhubu Endod II (Phytolacca dodecandra) (Lydia Makhubu, Akhlu Lemma, Donald Heyneman Editors). Council on International and Public Affairs. 1987, pp 63 69.
15. Preliminary Report on the Cultivation and Use of Phytolacca dodecandra as a molluscicide in Swaziland. Lydia P. Makhubu, L. Wolde Yohannes, jean Paul Chaine, Y.P. Rao, J. Shongwe and Brian Mthupha. Endod II (Phytolacca dodecandra) (Lydia Makhubu, Aklilu Lemma, Donald Heyneman Editors). Council on International and Public Affairs 1987 pp 70 80.
16. Curricular Factors and the Promotion of Self sufficiency. Bulletin of the Swaziland Institute of Education Research 8 (1987), 1 10. L.P. Makhubu and A.C. Smith.
17. A Phytochemical Study of the Roots of Lasiosiphon Kraussianus. C.A. Kumsah, L.P. Makhubu and C.N. Simelane. Swaziland Journal of Science and Technology 9(1) 1988, 26 31.
18. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) in Africa: Geographical variation in morphology. R.P. Adams, K.R. Neisess, R.M. Parkhurst, L.P. Makhubu and L. Wolde Yohannes. Taxon 3 8(1) 1989, 17 26.
19. The Molluscicidal Activity of Phytolacca dodecandra. Location of the activating esterase. R.M. Parkhurst, B.M. Mthupha, Y S Liang, J.I. Bruce, J.d.H. Lambert, T.L. Collier, J.W. ApSimon, L. WoldeYohannes, G.E. Heath, W.O. Jones, J.K. Stobaeus and L.P. Makhubu. Biochemical & Biophysical Communications 158(2) 1989,436 439.
20. Isolation and Characterization of alkaloids from Andrachne ovalis. C.A. Kumsah and L.P. Makhubu and S.G. Msane, Swaziland Journal of Sc. and Technol. 10(2) 1989, 25 36.
21. Women and the Scientific Professions in Africa: the Case of Swaziland. Report written for the African Training and Research Centre for Women. 1989.
22. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccacea) in Africa. Geographical variation in Chemistry. R.P. Adams, R.M. Parkhurst, L. Wolde Yohannes and L.P. Makhubu. Submitted for publication to Biochemical Systematics and Ecology.
23. Universities and Institutions of Higher Education and Scientific and Technological Research.
24. Lydia P. Makhubu. Pearson Notes. Lester B. Pearson Institute for International Development. 5(2) 1989. 1 5.
25. The Role of Women in Relation to the Environment. Lydia P. Makhubu Population: the complex reality, The Royal Society, London, 1994.
26. Special Report on the Endod (Phtolacca dodecandra) Project in Swaziland. Project No. RAF/87/T01 field Testing and Research on Endod submitted to UNDP Swaziland. Pp. 31. Makhubu, L.P., Msonthi, J.d., and Amusan, O.O.G. (1993).
27. Molluscicidal activity of Spathodea campnulata, Adrachne ovalis, Phutolacca dodecandra and Hypoxix rooperi. Fitoterapia 66(2), 113-116. Amusan, O.O. G., Msonthi, J.d. and Makhuku, L.P. (1995).
28. Phytochemical Studies of Seven Swazi Medicinal Plants. UNISWA J. Of Agric. 5, 30-34. Amusan, O.O.G., Msonthi, J.D., and Makhuku, L.P. (1996).
29. Research and Development of Plant Resources in Swaziland. Southern African Plant Resources SAPR-E Workshop, 26-28 August 1996. UNISWA Swaziland. Makhubu, L.P., Edge, O.t., Msonthi, J.D., and Amusan, O.O.G. (1996).
30. Molluscicidal activity of Urginea epigea. Fitoterapia 68(2), 185-186. Amusan, O.O. G., Msonthi, J.D., and Makhuku, L.P. (1997).

Prof Makhubu has read the following papers at international meetings:

• Integration of Modem and Traditional Medicine. EDNA Seminar, Mbabane, 1979.
• Regional Cooperation in the Technology Field. ILO Study Tour for Eastern & Southern Africa, 1980.
• Integration of Traditional and Emerging Technologies. U.N. panel of Experts, Los Banos, Philippines, December 1982.
• Research in Africa, the Role of Scientific Associations. American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Symposium, New York, June 1984.
• Role of Women in the Science and Technology of Developing Countries. American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Symposium New York, June 1984.
• Popularization of Science and Technology, the Role of Scientific and Engineering Societies in SubSaharan Africa. Ivorian Association/ American Association for the Advancement of Science Conference, Grand Bassam, December 1984.
• Scientific Literacy. Symposium of the UNU Special Committee on Africa. Nairobi, 1985.
• Pilot Studies on Phytolacca dodecandra in the control of Schistosomiasis in Swaziland. Second International Workshop on Phytolacca dodecandra, Mbabane, April 1986.
• An African Perspective on Research Development. North South Collaboration in Research, Ohio University, June 1986.
• The Development of Science and Technology in Swaziland. First Meeting of the Working Group of the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts for Science and Technology (OAU/ECA), Lusaka, Zambia, October 1986.
• Science and Technology in the Solution of Africa's Long Term Development Problems, the Role of Universities. 3rd AAU/ECA Conference of Vice-Chancellors, Presidents and Rectors of Institutions of Higher Learning in Africa. Harare, January 1987.
• The Application of Science and Technology to Development in Africa. First Congress of African Scientists. Brazzaville, Congo, June 1987.
• The Dissemination and Application of the Fruits of Research. Congress of Commonwealth Universities, Perth, Australia, February 1988.
• The Role of Universities in Understanding Ethical Issues Involved in Technological Change. Congress of Commonwealth Universities, Perth, Australia, February 1988.
• Regional cooperation in Education f or Accelerated Development. CHEMRAWN Seminar on the Role of Chemistry in Improving Food Supplies in Africa. Nairobi, July 1988.
• Testing the Potential of the plant Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis in Swaziland. The CIDA/TWAS Conference on the Role of Women in the Development of Science and Technology in the Third World. Trieste, October, 1988.
• The Introduction of Indigenous Technology into the Curriculum of Schools in Africa. Paper presented for discussion, Regional Consultative Committee on the Renewal of the Teaching of Science and Technology in Africa, March 1989.
• Universities and Institutions of Higher Education and Scientific and Technological Research. CIDA sponsored Roundtable, Dalhousie University, Canada, September 1989.
• The Future of Tertiary Education in Swaziland. National Seminar on Tertiary Education in Swaziland: Future Directions. Kwaluseni, January 1990.
• Traditional Culture of Health and its Role in Modem Health Care. Paper presented at Sub regional Seminar on Women Health: A Strategy for Family Health Promotion at Household and Community Level organized by Centre for African Family Studies (CAFS). Mbabane, 1990.
• Universities in a fast changing world: the case of African universities. Paper presented at CIDA-sponsored Seminar, Vancouver, Canada, September 1990.
• Universities in Southern Africa: Challenge of the 1990s. Paper presented at the Commonwealth Institute, London, November 1990.
• Higher Education in Swaziland. The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, November 1990.
• The Contribution of Women to Science in Africa. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Symposium on Science in Africa, Washington, February 1991.
• Education: a fundamental variable in women's health. Paper presented at a seminar organized by the Centre for African Family Studies (CAFS), Mbabane, 1991.
• Cost Reduction and Recovery and the Mobilization of Resources at the University of Swaziland. AAU/ British Council Roundtable, Windhoek, Namibia, August 1992.
• The Mission of the University in Southern Africa in the 1990s. Graduation address, University of Cape Town, June 1992.
• The Role of Women in the Scientific Development of the Third World. Inaugural Congress of the Third World Organization for Women in Science, Cairo, January 1993.
• The Potential Strength of African Women in Building Africa's Scientific and Technological Capacity. Keynote address at AAAS Forum, Women Leading from Strength, Washington, DC, May 1993.
• Southern Africa in the 1990s and the Challenge to the Region's Universities. World Bank Seminar, Washington D.C., May 1993.
• Managing the Environment: the case of Swaziland. Congress of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Swansea, Wales, August 1993.
• The Role of Women in Relation to the Environment. Paper presented at the Royal Society's Population Summit of the World's Scientific Academies, New Delhi, India, October 1993.
• Challenges to Agricultural Scientists in African Development. Paper presented at the Summer Institute for African Agricultural Research, University of Wisconsin, June 1994.
• Recent Issues in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education: a vision f or the 21st century. Paper presented at the CASTME Conference, University of Botswana, June 1994.
• Population, Gender and Education: Emerging Issues in African Development. Paper presented at the Third World Academy of Sciences General Conference. Abuja, Nigeria, September 1995.
• Africa’s Development on the eve of the 21st Century: The Role of International Cooperation.
• Women’s Perception of Science and Technology for Development in Africa. Paper presented at the STRAD Conference, University of Natal, September 1996.
• The African University in the 21st Century. Paper presented at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture. Ibadan, Nigeria. April 1996.
• Africa’s Research Priorities in Science and Technology. Paper presented at the Workshop on the Formation of Research Networks Among Women Scientists in Southern Africa. University of Swaziland, 27-29 January 1997.
• The Right to Higher Education and Equal Opportunity Particularly for Women: The Major Challenge of Our Time. Paper presented at the African Regional Consultation and Preparatory Workshop for the World Conference on Higher Education, Dakar, Senegal, 1-4 April 1997.
• Scientific and Technological Literacy: A Daunting Challenge in Sub-Saharan African on the Eve of the 21st Century. Paper presented at the Science Festival organized by the Grahamstown Foundation, Grahamstown, South Africa, 14 April 1997.
• Research and Development of Plant Resources in Swaziland. Southern African Plant Resources SAPR-E Workshop, 26-28 august 1996. UNISWA Swaziland.
• Viable Solution to Humanitarian Tragedies. Paper presented to roundtable on Africa Refugee Day. Mbabane. June 1997.
• Women in Higher Education in Africa. Paper presented at the International Conference on “Winds of Change – Women and the Culture of Universities. 13-17 July 1998, Sydney, Australia.
• Women in Science and Technology – The African Context. Paper presented at the (Lutsango) Women in Science and Technology Conference, Restenburg South Africa. September, 1998.
• Science: The Gender Issue. Plenary Paper presented at the World Conference on Science, Budapest, Hungary 26 June – 1 July, 1999.
• Women, Science and Technology: Towards a New Development. Paper presented at the 11th meeting of the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, Havan. Cuba. April 2000.
• World Inequalities. Paper written for the UN Secretary General Panel for the World Conference for Sustainable Development. 2002
• African Union Decade for Traditional medicine: Paper presented at a Declaration of the period 2001-2010 as Afrcan Union (AU) Decade for African Traditional Medicine, Arusha February 2002
• Science and Technology Education: Policies and Direction on Science and Technology For Sustainable Development of African Countries in the Decade 2000 – 2010. Paper presented in Nairobi, Kenya OAU/STRC-Reptem. 26-29 March, 2002
• The Use of Plants in Traditional Medicine: Paper presented at the Botanical Society Nelspruit 8th June 2002
• Prof Makhubu has received the following grants and awards:
• Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship, 1963 1967.
• Canadian Association for the Advancement Pharmacy Award, 1967 1970.
• British Inter University Study Grant 1979 to spend 6 months in the Chemistry Department, University of St. Andrews in Scotland doing research and participating in undergraduate teaching.
• African American American Institute Travel Grant, 1982. To tour academic institutions in the United States.
• World Health Organization Research Grant: 1980 1988. A Phytochemical Study of the Medicinal Plants of Swaziland.
• European Economic Community Grant, 1983 1984. Traditional Medicine in Swaziland.
• USAID Research Grant, 1987 1990. Testing the Potential of the plant Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis in Swaziland.
• UNDP Research Grant, 1991 1992. Testing the Potential of the plant Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis in Swaziland.
• McArthur Foundation, 1993 – 1995. Research for Gender, Households and Environmental Change: Management of waste and biogas generation.
• CONSULTANCIES
• USAID/Ministry of Health. Towards cooperation between traditional and modem health sectors, 1963.
• SADCC Study on the Manpower requirements of the Sugar Industry in the SADCC region, 1984.
• United Nations University, Study on the feasibility of a programme of education on global issues at Universities, 1985 1986.
• American Association for the Advancement of Science/African Association of Science and Technology. Study on the feasibility of establishing an Africa wide Science and Technology Journal, 1986.
• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Training and Research Centre for Women: Research on Women and Scientific Professions in Africa, 1988 89.
• Government of Swaziland assessment of state of Science and Technology for the National Development Strategy, 1996.
• United Nations University, Evaluation of the UNU Institute for New Technologies (UNU/INTECH) in Maastricht. 1996
• IDRC, Evaluation of the African Technology Policy Studies Network, 1996.
• University of Cape Town – Evaluation of the University Science, Humanities and Engineering Programme – An Interuniversity collaboration in post-graduate training and research, 1998.

Prof Makhubu has received several honorary degrees and medals in recognition of her work.

Degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, University of Wales, July 1991.
Degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, Queen's University, Canada, October 1991.
Degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, St. Mary's University, Canada, October 1991.
Degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa, Council for National Academic Awards, London, May 1992.
Degree of Doctor of Laws, honouris causa, Brandon University, Canada, May 1995.
Commenius Medal, UNESCO, International Bureau of Education, Paris, October 1998.
Medal of Honour of King Sobhuza II for distinguished active service

Prof Makhubu was born at Usuthu Mission, Swaziland. She is married.